Teaching of imitative writing: unlocking the door to students' writing interest and ability
仿写教学：开启学生写作兴趣与能力之门

摘要

小学语文学习中，习作占据重要地位。新课程标准[1]对中年级学生的习作能力发展设定了明确且具导向性的要求，着重强调学生需“乐于书面表达，增强习作的自信心，能不拘形式地写下自己的见闻和感受”。这一要求旨在鼓励学生以积极主动地投入写作，将内心的感知与生活的体悟诉诸笔端。所以，激发学生写作的内在动机，培育其自信表达的能力，无疑是引领学生写好习作的核心与关键[2]。然而，在现实的教学实践中，部分学生在面对习作任务时常常不知如何下笔，也苦恼于缺乏写作素材 。这种现状严重制约了学生写作能力的提升与语文素养的发展。那么，如何有效地唤起学生的生活经验，进而达成乐写愿写的理想状态呢？研究表明，仿写不失为破解这一难题的最佳路径。通过仿写经典文本，学生能够直观学习到优秀的写作技巧、表达方式与文章结构，从而逐步构建起自己的写作框架。引导他们从熟悉的生活场景中提炼素材，解决“写什么”的困惑；并借助对范文的模仿，明晰“怎么写”的方法。写作是语文素养的综合体现，对于小学中年级学生而言，是从基础语言学习迈向独立创作的关键过渡阶段。但正如前文所述，学生在写作中遭遇的困境严重阻碍了他们写作能力的发展。仿写作为一种传统且有效的写作教学方法，能够为学生搭建起从阅读到写作的桥梁，帮助他们逐步克服写作障碍，提升写作水平。

Abstract

In primary school Chinese learning, writing practice occupies an important position. The new curriculum standards have set clear and guiding requirements for the development of writing ability of middle-grade students, emphasizing that students need to "be willing to express in writing, enhance the confidence in writing practice, and be able to write down their observations and feelings without being restricted by form". This requirement aims to encourage students to actively engage in writing and express their inner perceptions and life experiences on paper. Therefore, stimulating students' internal motivation for writing and cultivating their ability to express themselves confidently is undoubtedly the core and key to guiding students to write well. However, in the actual teaching practice, some students often do not know how to start when facing writing tasks and are also troubled by the lack of writing materials. This current situation has seriously restricted the improvement of students' writing ability and the development of Chinese literacy. Then, how to effectively evoke students' life experiences and thereby achieve the ideal state of being willing and happy to write? Research shows that imitative writing is undoubtedly the best way to solve this problem. Through imitating classic texts, students can intuitively learn excellent writing skills, expression methods and article structures, and gradually build their own writing framework. Guide them to extract materials from familiar life scenes to solve the confusion of "what to write"; and with the help of imitating model essays, clarify the method of "how to write". Writing is a comprehensive manifestation of Chinese literacy. For middle-grade students, it is a crucial transitional stage from basic language learning to independent creation. But as mentioned earlier, the difficulties students encounter in writing have seriously hindered the development of their writing ability. Imitative writing, as a traditional and effective writing teaching method, can build a bridge from reading to writing for students, helping them gradually overcome writing obstacles and improve their writing level.